WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW.

Parent is a person who develop and utilize the knowledge and skills appropriate to planning for, creating, giving birth to, rearing and /or providing care for children (Brooks 1987).

 Family is a social unit of two or more person related by blood, marriage, or adoption and having a shared commitment  to the mutual relationship (US Census Bureau 1990).

 Care giver is a person who provide direct care (as for children, eldery people or the chronically ill).   (Bussiness  Dictionary).

Non -family environment is the one which consist of people who live alone, or who shares the residence with non -related individual (US Census Bureau1990).

 The concept of child rearing is an act of guarantee the child phyisical well being, promote the child's psycho-social well being, mental well being and facilitate the child interaction outside and inside the home environment.
In different societies in Tanzania context the roles of and responsibilities of parent, care givers, and family in non -family environment has not pin pointed out the variation of roles although whole wise does not mean they are exactly the same as there is some little uniqueness of each other, thus below are the roles of these members;
They guide the promotion of social emotional development of children. These members provide a support of feeling reaction on interaction with each other and any other changes that exist in the environment that may be pleasurable or non pleasurable phenomenon.
Support and guarantee child's physical well being and development by keeping the child safe and free from harm, providing shelter and clothing, preventing and attending to illness, feeding, bathing and providing a good and safe place for playing and exploration.
Equip children with skills. These members provide a knowledge and skill to their children that may come to form the foundation of their future talents and area of working for the income entrance which may be successful under children immitation and direct attentional teaching. Foristance, farming, pastoralism, mechanics, football, and cooking skills.
Child's language development. Here  a child tend to gain and improve their language and speaking skills through immitating and copying the language used by people around them such as parents, family members, and care givers, and then child start to practice and improve their language.
They offer love, acceptance, appreciation, encouragment, and guidance thus under active participation of parents, care givers and family on their children make them develop self esteem, interaction and sense of being a member of the society as they are accepted and bounded so a child feel secured.


They provide the most intimate context for the nurturing and protection of children as they develop their personalities and identity and also as they mature physically, cognitively, emotionally, and socially.
They develop their children with morals, values, and beliefs. As usual child acquire the basic foundation of their living morals, beliefs, and values of which have societal intervation and acceptance for their current and future life.
They ensure cognitive development of a child. This include exposure to educational facilities such as schooling, exposure of child to various learning programmes such as Tv and radio programmes for acquiring of information and new knowledge for their better survival.
Conclusively, the parent, care givers and family have sometimes failed to provide effectively the needs for rearing of children because of economic and lack of parent bonding to child, so we are  advicing the government to put their hand and supporting these programmes so that our child who lack support can develop well their cognitive, physical and social-emotional state through their lives.